A text (str) is much like a list: its characters are in order, are read by index, can be sliced, walked with for and measured with len. Everything you learnt for lists holds here: indices start at 0, text[-1] is the last character, text[1:4] leaves out its end.
word = "Kayak"word[0] # "K"word[::-1] # "kayaK"word.lower() # "kayak"word[1:3] # "ay"
[::-1] reverses the text (the third number is the step, and -1 walks backwards). lower() makes it lowercase. Both give a new text; word stays as it was.You can check whether a text reads the same backwards (a palindrome) in two ways: build the reverse and compare (text == text[::-1], short, and it makes a copy), or walk in from both ends comparing characters (no copy, and it stops at the first difference).